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What Are Classifiers in ASL?

Unlocking One of the Most Powerful Tools in American Sign Language

If you’re learning American Sign Language (ASL), you’ve probably heard the term “classifier” come up again and again. But what exactly are classifiers? Why are they so important? And how can you begin using them like a pro?

Let’s break it down.

What Are Classifiers?

In ASL, classifiers are specific handshapes used to represent nouns, actions, locations, and descriptions. They’re a unique part of ASL grammar that allows you to express a wide range of visual information efficiently and clearly — often in ways that spoken languages can’t.

Think of classifiers as the visual shorthand of ASL. Instead of signing every individual word, a classifier lets you show what’s happening.

Why Are Classifiers So Important?

Classifiers are essential because they:

Whether you’re describing a car crash, someone walking down a hallway, or a cup tipping over — classifiers help your viewer “see” it happening.

Common Types of Classifiers

There are many types of classifiers in ASL, but here are a few key categories:

1. Descriptive Classifiers (DCL)

These show what something looks like — its size, shape, or texture.
> Example: Using your hands to show a tall, narrow object like a vase.

2. Instrument Classifiers (ICL)

These show how an object is manipulated or used.
> Example: Mimicking how to open a jar or turn a key.

3. Semantic Classifiers (SCL)

These represent a person or object and show how it moves.
> Example: Using “2” handshape to represent a person walking.

4. Locative Classifiers (LCL)

These show where something is located or how things are arranged in space.
> Example: Showing two objects sitting next to each other on a table.

5. Body Classifiers (BCL)

Your whole body represents a person doing an action.
> Example: Leaning forward to show a person running.

6. Body Part Classifiers (BPCL)

These focus on specific body parts performing an action.
> Example: Showing the movement of legs while sitting or crossing arms.

How Do Classifiers Work in a Sentence?

ASL uses classifiers as part of structured visual grammar. Usually, you first establish what you’re talking about, and then use a classifier to show what it’s doing or how it looks.

Example:

  1. Sign “CAR”
  2. Use a classifier handshape to show the car driving fast, turning, or crashing.

Bonus: Classifiers Can Be Used Creatively

Classifiers aren’t just about accuracy — they’re also a form of visual artistry. Storytelling, poetry, and even jokes in ASL often rely on clever use of classifiers to captivate an audience.

Common Beginner Mistakes

Tips for Mastering Classifiers

  1. Start simple — Learn basic classifier handshapes like CL:1 (person), CL:3 (vehicle), and CL:5 (group or crowd).
  2. Watch Deaf signers — Observe how classifiers are used in real contexts.
  3. Practice storytelling — Use classifiers to show actions, objects, and movement.
  4. Record yourself — Playback helps you refine clarity and flow.
  5. Use ASLdeafined.com — Our lessons and videos break down classifiers by type and level.

Final Thoughts

Classifiers might seem tricky at first, but they are one of the most powerful, expressive, and fun parts of ASL. They let you turn your hands into moving pictures — helping your audience see exactly what you mean.

So don’t be afraid to practice, experiment, and get creative. With time and experience, classifiers will become second nature — and your signing will become more vivid and impactful than ever.

Want to see classifiers in action?
Visit ASLdeafined.com and explore real-life examples with Deaf experts guiding you every step of the way!